Locus coeruleus lesions and PCOS: role of the central and peripheral sympathetic nervous system in the ovarian function of rat

"Polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder associated with ovulatory dysfunction". "Autonomic and central nervous systems play important roles in the regulation of ovarian physiology". The noradrenergic nucleus locus coeruleus [LC] plays a central role in the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system and synaptically connected to the preganglionic cell bodies of the ovarian sympathetic pathway and its activation is essential to trigger spontaneous or induced LH surges. This study evaluates sympathetic outflow in central and peripheral pathways in PCO rats. Our objectives in this study were [1] to estimate LC activity in rats with estradiol valerate [EV]-induced PCO; [2] to antagonized alpha2a adrenoceptor in systemic conditions with yohimbine. Forty two rats were divided into two groups: 1] LC and yohimbine and 2] control. Every group subdivided in two groups: eighteen rats were treated with estradiol valerate for induction of follicular cysts and the remainders were sesame oil groups. Estradiol concentration was significantly augmented by the LC lesion in PCO rats [p<0.001], while LC lesion could not alter serum concentrations of LH and FSH, like yohimbine. The morphological observations of ovaries of LC lesion rats showed follicles with hyperthecosis, but yohimbine reduced the number of cysts, increased corpus lutea and developed follicles. Rats with EV-induced PCO increased sympathetic activity. LC lesion and yohimbine decreased the number of cysts and yohimbine increased corpus lutea and developed follicles in PCO rats

survey of divorce incidence in divorce applicants in Tehran

To study the qualification of divorce main factors so that it would be clarified proper consultation-intervention solutions to decrease it by counseling methods in the courts and counseling clinics. The divorce is categorized as the most tragic of social phenomenon, the damages and problems of which undergone by the couple and their families before and after divorce and the effective factors of this phenomenon incidence have been studied for many years. Divorce has different factors and it can never clarify a specific one as the main factor of divorce. This survey studied the divorce creating factors in divorce applicants in Tehran Family courts [Shahid Mahalati-Vanak] during 2010-2011. The applicants of sampling group were including 300 referred ones from the courts, and the research method was descriptive and cross-sectional accomplishing by structured interview. Findings were shown as frequency and percent. The results showed that the important factors of divorce request are including in order of psychic factors [93.3%], social and cultural factors [87.3%], sexual factors [88%], economical factors [80.3%], and violence [84.3%], and it may be multi-factors as well. In addition to recommendation for more study in these fields, the results of this survey suggest to apply the necessary programming in teaching and counseling before the marriage as well as the necessity of informing the couple in receiving professional consults in time of problem incidence and proceeding for divorce in order to prevent from divorce incidence